1. What is a dangerous chemical?
Hazardous chemicals are items that are flammable, explosive, toxic, harmful, and corrosive, causing harm or damage to people, facilities, and the environment.
2. What are the categories of hazardous chemicals?
The Classification and Marking of Commonly Used Hazardous Chemicals classifies hazardous chemicals into eight categories: explosives, compressed and liquefied gases, flammable liquids, flammable solids, pyrophoric materials and wettable combustibles, oxidants and organic antioxidants. Things, drugs, radioactive materials, corrosives.
3. Explosives: refers to items that can undergo severe chemical reactions under external action (such as heat, friction and impact), instantaneously generate a large amount of gas and heat, cause the surrounding pressure to rise sharply, explode, and cause damage to the surrounding environment. Also includes items that are not at risk of an overall explosion but that are subject to burning, projectile, and minor explosion hazards.
4. Risk of compressed gas and liquefied gas: When such articles are heated, impacted or strongly shaken, the pressure inside the container will increase sharply, causing the container to rupture or explode or cause the cylinder valve to loosen and leak, resulting in a fire or poisoning accident. .
5, the characteristics of flammable gas: This type of gas is very easy to burn, mixed with air can form an explosive mixture. Such as hydrogen, methane, acetylene and so on.
6. Characteristics of toxic gases: These gases can cause poisoning and even death of humans and animals after inhalation. Such as carbon monoxide, chlorine and so on.
7. Flammable liquid: Refers to a flammable liquid, a liquid mixture or a liquid containing a solid substance. The closed-loop test has a flash point of 61 ° C or lower, and is volatile at normal temperature. The vapor and air mixture can form an explosive mixture.
7.1. Flash point: The minimum temperature at which a liquid flashes under specified conditions is called the flash point. The lower the flash point, the easier the liquid is to burn.
7.2, low flash point liquid: liquid with a flash point below -18 °C. Such as gasoline, ether, acetone and so on.
7.3, medium flash point liquid: a liquid with a flash point between -18 ° C and 23 ° C. Such as benzene, toluene, ethanol, and the like.
7.4. High flash point liquid: a liquid with a flash point between 23 ° C and 61 ° C. Such as butanol, chlorobenzene and so on.
8. Flammable solids: solids that have low ignition points, are sensitive to heat, impact, friction, are easily ignited by external sources of ignition, burn quickly, and may emit toxic fumes or toxic gases. Such as red phosphorus, sulfur and so on.
9. Self-igniting articles: refers to articles that have low ignition points, are prone to oxidation reactions in the air, emit heat, and burn themselves. Such as white phosphorus, triethyl aluminum and the like.
10. Humidity and flammable materials: refers to items that emit violent chemical reactions and release a large amount of flammable gases and heat when exposed to water or moisture. Some can burn or explode without an open fire. Such as potassium, sodium and so on.
11. Drugs: After entering the body, after a certain amount, it can biochemically or biophysically interact with body fluids and tissues, disturb or destroy the normal physiological functions of the body, causing temporary or persistent pathological changes, even Life-threatening items.
12. Corrosive products: refers to solids or liquids that can burn human tissue and cause damage to metals and other items. Visible necrosis occurred within 4 hours of contact with the skin, or solid or liquid with a uniform corrosion rate of 20.25 mm/year on the surface of No. 20 steel at a temperature of 55 °C.
13. Safety signs for hazardous chemicals: Safety signs are warning materials that convey the safety information and the types of dangerous chemicals by means of patterns, text descriptions, colors, etc., and clearly and simply characterize the hazardous properties and categories of hazardous chemicals.
14. Three elements of combustion and explosion: The nature of combustion and explosion is the oxidation reaction of combustible substances in the air. The difference is that the oxidation rate is different. Combustibles, combustion aids (oxidants) and ignition sources are the three basic conditions for combustion and explosion. Collected collectively as three elements.
15. Type of combustion: flashing, spontaneous combustion, ignition.
16. Characteristics of flashing: Flashlight is one of the characteristics of flammable liquids. A certain amount of steam exists on various liquid surfaces. The higher the temperature of the same liquid, the greater the vapor concentration. The vapor on the surface of the liquid mixes with the air to form a combustible gas. When a certain temperature is reached, such as a flame or a hot object approaching the surface of the liquid, a flashing phenomenon will occur, indicating a precursor to the fire.
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